Casement



A. A. POTTER Jan, 6, 1931.

vGASEMEIN'L Filed Oct. 8. 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet l fljw A. POTTER Jan. 6,1931.

CASEMENT Filed oct. 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 A. A. POTTER Jan. 6, 1931.

CASEIIENT Filed oqt. s. 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Plaiented im. e, welL iALDENA; POTTER, 0F THE country/'on MONTGOMERY, MARYLAND' CASEMENTApplicatipn fneepvpoctobi s, v1927. serial 'Ne 224,845;

lMy invention consists in a, newand useful improvement in easementsandconstitutes a development of an improved form of thecasement'descibed and'claimed in myapplication for United StatesLettersY Patent, Serial Number, 221,953, iiled in the United StatesPatent Otiice on September 26th,

l 1927. My presentinvention provides aV caselimitingV means` whentipping to a hinge mentWhich may be. madefto `assume rthepositions-ofthe easement ofthe above mentioned application,its'operation being mechanicalperformed.` Iliavve .conceived theideathat the. easement described and claimedin Vmy prior vapplication is.adapted foruse .Wheref and heavy easements, unsuited for ymanualoperation, are desiredv andy also Where the 'ca-sementis. inaccessibleyfor manualoperation, and l have, therefore,per

yfectedV the invention herein. described and claimed to produce. aVmechaninlly operated easement' Which'can .bepivoted at both its lowerand,` upper.,edgesA` novel feature of latestfinvention is the meanswhich I provide for alternatively tipping swinging the easement, andmeans t'or altering. said .operating meansV from a meansWhenfswingingsthe Casement. The

particularlyusetul feature otthis device isi the provision of only tvvooperating levers by Wliichfthe manipulationaof the easement maybeaccomplished. .y e K rIhe means which l. employ'may be 'so modiied,Within the. ,scope 'of .my invention', to becoi 'c ,applicabletoaplurality otcasem. ents,and is therefore adaptedffor vuse-With alarge numberY ot t easements, as :in ,auditoriums, theaters, factories,letc.,the .particular. advantage.securedin such installationbeing-simplicity and reliability of operation.

While I haveillustratedi the drawings iled .herewith have hereinlifteryfully describedoneA speci embodiment oit ,my1invention, iStov-be.vdistinctly understood that I do notv considerfmyl inventionflimited toThe particularly Yother adjusted open position,

full lines being shown in one adjusted open d position, and, in dottedlinesin normal closed position-` Y f i Fig. 2 vis a vertical section,the parts in full lines being shown in another`A adjusted open position,and, in rdotted lines in adjusted closed position. K

F Sis an elevation, partly inA section, of ones'ideof the casermentfindVframe*` ldigxr: is a vertical`V section on the line 4--4 of-Figg I Fig.5` isfa horizontal section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4t. 4

Fig. V6i s a detail bottom `view of a portion of the mechanism shown yinVertical section inlig. 3. f

`-7; isy anenlarged detail vertical sectionjof `the lowerportion ofFig.` 1Q

Fig] 8 is ahorizontal section on the line F 9-is a view similar to Fig.7, showing a modication, j f

' l0y is horizontal section on line lOO 'of Fig. 9, e n f f ldig.. 11 isa vertical section, similar to Fig. 1', the, parts infull line .beingshown iii-anandin dotted lines Vin normal closed position.

' Fig.. 12 is a diagrammatic view, theparts beingin the positionindicatedin 1,1r

Figi 13 is a diagrammatic.view., the parte Y being in thepositionindicated inFig. 11.

ln' the specicnembodiment of'my inventionillustratedinthe'drawings, Ihave shown easement C and frame therefor'. AThe Trame Elias a'silll,stool 2 .with beveledinner-face, stops Lend apron '5 itstop. L 1

fl t) 5. The side 'rails 6 of thecasement C are suitably providedV withrabbeted portions 7 inY which are elongated slots 8 in which arereceived lugs 94 on operating arms 10 which fit into the rabbetedportions 7 when the casement- C is closed. In illustrating the mechanismfor actuatingY the operating arms y10, I have shown only the mechanismon one side of the Casement, it being understood that it is duplicatedupon the other side. As illustrated, the arm 10 is made integral witharevolu-Y ble sleeve11 carried Vin a bearing 12 and mounted upon a rod 13fixed in a block 14 by a pin 15, the bearingV 12V and block 14beingmeunted fory vertical reciprocation upon compressimV springs 1 6 whichare suitably mounted in the frame F. The sleeve 11..is provided upon itsend away from the arm 1 0 with a Vpinion 17 meshingwith'arpinion 18 on avertical rotatable shaft 19 suitably journaled in the frameF. The shaft19 is pro-A vided with a disc 20 whichv bears upon a disc 21 on thesleeve'll. fit its'lower end the shaft 19 is Vprovided with a clutchformed by the collars 22 and 23, the lower one 23 l being provided withradial slots 24. For engagement with this Vclutch on the shaft 19, I

provide pins 25 on a fork 26 on a lever 27 suitably pivoted in the frameF for vertical reciprocating movement. I provide a duplicate mechanismforfreciprocating shaft 19',

1 cause the sleeves 11 and their rarms 10 to descend, the blocks 14 andbearings 12 being depressed against' the action of the springs 16.

. IN hen the pressure upon the lever 27 is removed the action of thesprings 16 causes-the.

parts to return to normal position.

I have provided a crank arm 29 having a collar 30 loosely encircling theshaft 19 and provided with radial slots 31 on its under sidein which arereceived lugs 32 on fa collar 33 'Xed upon the shaft 19. `The crank arm29 projects through the inner vface of the frame F and has ahandle34'with a spring latch'35 .co-acting with a stop rack 36. rIhe end'ofthe vcrank arm 29 away from the han` `dle34 is connected by a link37Ywith a crank y arm 29having a collar'30- about the shaft 19. andprovidedV witlrradial slots 31 in which areV received lugs.32".onacallar 33" fixed on the shaft l19. Ihu'sit will I'be seen that when thecrank'arm 29, as illustrat'edin Fig.^5,'is rocked, theshafts `19and19"'are caused to` rotate" `imparting through pinions 18 and 17 tosleeves 11V and 7 i It is to be Anoted that when the shafts Y19 easementC.

movement Y and 19 are depressed by operation of the level1 27, the lugs32 and 32 are carried out of the slots 31 and 31 in the collars 30 and30, with the result that the operating crank arm 29 is renderedinoperative to rotate the shafts 19 and 19, thus preventing` the shafts.19 and 19 from being rotated except whenr the shafts 19 and 19 andtheir associated mechanisms are in normal position. It is also tobenoted that when the shafts 19 and 19 are rotated from normal positionby the operation of the crank arm 29, the slots 24 and 24in the collars23 and 23 are brought into `register with the pins 25 and 25 on the`Vforks 26and 26, thus rendering the reciprocating :mechanisminoperative except when ,the shafts 19 and 19 and their associatedmechanisms are in normal position.

The'foregoing makes it obvious that the rotation and reciprocation ofthe shafts 19 and 19 must be alternative and cannot be Y",

synchronous'.

' Each operating arm 10 is provided with a suitably disposed slot 38 andthe easement Cy is provided with mortised bolts 39 so disposed as toghereceived in said slots 38y when Yprojected from the'casement C. Formoving each bolt 39, I provide a rocker arm 40 piv' otally'mounted inthe easement C and having` a forked head with the fingers 41 and 42.

" I willno'w describe the mechanism which I providefor operating thebolts 39, it being understood that while onlyT one of these mechanismsis illustrated in Fig. 3, I provide duplicate mechanisms, one on eachside of the v In -orderf to mount this .'mechanism, I provide the end ofeach rod 13 with a socket 43 in which is received a tongue 44 on ablock45.

The tongue 44 is held in the socket 43 by a pin 46.V Adjacent thetongue44,- the block 45 is so shaped as to form a bearing 47 on which iscarried a pinion 48 Ymeshing with a vertically disposed rack 49 mountedon theapron `5. Formed integral with`V the pinion 48 is the gear 50 withwhichmeshes the'gear 51 on the sleeve 52carried on the post 53 'of theblock 45. The sleeve 52 has on its top the gear 54 meshing with the gear55 on the shaft 56 mounted in the journal'57 ofthe block 45.V A circularhead 58 is suitably mounted 'in thc block 45 surrounding thev shaft V,56and vconcentric therewith. The head581is provided with two diametricallydisposedV dogs 59 with inthe head 58,'for which are provided sockets62..in.the block 45. On the lower face of the lue head 58 there is aboss 63, so disposedas tobe brought into line vertically withthe fingers41 and 42, alternately:` f 1 Y In'Figs. 7 and 8, 'A I'have illustratedmeans forretaining the Casement C in thev frame F when the Casement Cis' tilted in the position shown in full lines in "Fig 1. These means Iserve to hold the bottom of the easement C closely adjacent thebottomofthe frame F againstthe stool 2. I providea lug 64 near" the bottom ofeach side stop 4, and a recess 65 in each of the bottom'corners of theCasement' C to form a tongue 66 which'engages the lug 64 when theeasement C is' tilted, as indicatedy in Fig. 7.

In Figs. 9 and l0, I have illustrated a modi-l Jfied form of retainingmeansV which" While serving to hold the bottom of the casementC to thetrame F,permits it to rise from the sill 1 and stool 2 when it istilted,;as shownin fulll lines in Fig. 11.- In this Jform, I; provide-aflange? in place of the sideA stop 4 andjprovide thecasement C'with arecess 68 `at eachot its bottomvr corners, in which `is mounted a lroller 69.

rack 36, and since the catch V35 coacting withV c From the foregoing.description of the' details'of construction of the device',`its use andoperation willbe obvious. Byy rocking the lever 29 by the handle`34, theshafts 19 and- 19 are turned and the arms lO'through the lugs 9y in theslots8 tilt the casementC. -It

will be seenv that the degree of opening of the casementC is controlledby the degree of movementof the lever 29 over the arcuate the rack 36serves to lock the lever 29 in adjusted position, the easement C can hetilted as desiredv and lockedin adjusted position.. It is to be notedthat when the lever 29 is moved toits limit ofmovement toclosetheCasement C andis locked in suchposition, the

f easement C is eectually locked, the lugs 9` in the slots-8 causing theCasement -C to makea weatherfproof Vlit against theside stops 4 andapron 5. Since there is no IiXed pivot for the Casement C, as in theordinaryv typeoi' hinged l easement, my improved casementcan beett'ectually clamped in closedpostion in the frame.

If the easement C be provided with the fasteningmeansfor its lowercorners illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, it will be seen thatwhen theleasement C 'is tilted, as shown in fullllnes in Fig. 1, its bottom "edgeis securely held in place` in the :trame F, so that thecasement C cannotbe drawn out ofthe frame F by the impulse ofthe armslO, norA can itslower edge'rise from' the'stool' 2'."V vIIowever,'if the y easement C beprovided' with the retaining device, illustrated in Figs. 9, 10, andV11, yit

will be seen that when Lthe Casement C is vtilt ed,"',th"e lower edgewhile retained inthe frame FY is. permitted to rise `by reasonfoftheupward impulseoif lthe ar1n's`10 after thelugs 9 have reached theiupperends of the slots@l i in the side rails 610i the Casement C, so' thatthe easement C may be lifted from `the'sill 1V int-o a position shownfinfullllinesinfFig;11;'

In Figs. 12 and 13, Ihave yindicated dia-V grammaticallythe relation lofthe parts as" Yclaim is:

shown full lines in Figs. 1 and 11y respectively.r In Figs- 12 and 13,9vI have indicated Y by the referenceoharacteri`bthe distancebe- .tweenthe point, at which the link 10 is pivoted in the easement C,`and thebottom of the Casement C, and by thereference character 7 the distancebetween the point, at which the link is pivoted in the frame F,l and thebottom of the `frameF, vand by rthe reference character A the angle ofinclination of the Casement C relative to the frame F when the causingarms 10 to bring the slots 38 therein into register with the bolts397.7, The depression of the arms 10 on the sleeves 11 on 'the rods 13-causes the pinions 48 to travel over the racks 49 causing rotation ofthe pinions 48 and througli'their associated mechanisms rotation of thebosses fint'o position to depress the pins 42, and project the bolts.39l into the slots 38 ofthe arms 10. rlhusl it will be seen that theaction of depressing the armsfl() causes .the arms '10 to become lockedto the upper part of. the Casement C. f v

Vihen the lever 27 is allowed to return to normalposition by action ofthe springs 16,

the arms 1 ().lifting the easement C into the position shown in dottedlines in Fig. 2, the

stool 2. It is to .be noted that when the parts rise into normalposition, the ratchet teeth 60 idle over thepins59, the head 58 beingheldagainst rotation-bythe bullet catch 61,

Vso vthat the'fposition of theboss 63'is not changed. When the lpartsare in position shown ink rdotted lines inFig. 2, the lever 29 is rockedand the arms l0 cause the Casement C1 to swing to the position shown inulllines in Fig.` 2. It is to be noted that by the desired adjustment ofthe lever 29, as abo-ve described,

Veasement C is positioned soas to clear the IGC@ any desired position ofthe'casement C when so swung maybe secured andthe easement C be lockedin such adjusted position.

; Vhen the'casement C is again returned to the position shownin dottedlines in Fi'g.`2, the arms 10/ arel againv depressed, which op,- erationcauses thebosses 63 to move-into positionto depress'the pins 41; andretract the bolts39 from the slots 38 in 'thearms 10., rIt. is to benoted that the'casement C is allowed to come to rest upon' the Ysillv 1kbefore the bosses -63' fallsuilioiently to. depress the pins l41, thusinsuring that the Casement C bre-not freedffroin.thearms 10 'until atrest. u

Having described my invention, what Iv 1. In coinhination'witlraeasement, means adapted to-` tilt said Casement; and meansr and havinn's frame; a sashg means for adapted to co-act with said tilting meansl Yramegarms reciprocably mounted in said rameand provided with slots g to.furnish a hinge for easement.

V2. In 'a easement, the combination of a frame; a sash; arms Ypivotedand bai/ing sliding'connections Withsaid sasli preciprocating bolts insaid sash toren# gagement vi" h arms; means for reeiproeating saidbolts; and means for reciprocating.

and rockin@ said arms. y Y

a easement7 the `confnination of a -iramega saslig'arins 'iivotedinsai'l frame d lidiiin connections sash; bolts in said sash for .engsaid'arms; and means for recipi` rocking` .said arms. said reciprocbeing' adapted to alternately project. andre-I tract said bolts;

"- ln a easement, the' cor.

j., nation or a tilting" said .sasn ns for loeie n `sans and ing said,sash to said tiltin means reciproeatiirI which operates said loci lncombination ivi i. :e therefor, a easement tiltable-'relati-ve Vto saidand provided Withtongnes engaoe A el. Witlilugs on the loafer parteiwhen the easement is tilted." v

` G. 1n combination with a frame therefor, a easement t able relative tosaid Aframe, and provided with means to Yretain "the bottom of saidCasementV in tlieframe While it is permitted to rise Atro-ni thethereof. A 7. ln a easement, the combination of Vframe; rotatablereciproca-.ble mounted in said'frame; rotatable reciproca-ble armsmounted in said trame and operated by said shafts and provided h lugsand slots; 'a

sash havin@ slots in its side rails to receive 1 b I 1 said lugstnerein, and provided .with oolts for insertion into the slots in thearms; meaA4 s carried by said arms and said frame and opera ive on thedownward movement or' the arms and inoperative on the upward movekmentadapted to alternately projectand re-V 1 adapted' to swing` s; arms whensai l lever is reciprocated.y j

[9. Aln aeasement7 the combination of' a frame; arms reciprocablv'mounted said trame, and provided'witli slots;- sash havTv ing bolts forinsertion Yinto said slots ;V and mechanism connecting said Llever anslsaidv arms adapted to reciprocate said arms when said leveris,reciproeated.LV i' in said frame' means being frame,

ailever ;q .said frame.

1G. lna easemennthe combination oi" a a Isasii having" 'ootsjfo'rinsertion into said slotsymeans for insertino' said bolts `,into and'retractino Y said bolts from said slots; lever ;.and mechanism.connecting said vlever an( said arms adapted to reciprocate said armswhen said anism connecting said lever and said arms. adaptedtoreciprocate said arms when said lever Vis freciprocated, said boltoperating Y automatically operable by the armV reciprocatingv mechanism.Y

, 12.-*ln a easement, the combination of 'a frame; arms Ypivotally andreciprocably mounted in'said rame and provided with lugs andslots; asash having slots to receive said lugs therein and .bolts igor insertioninto the arm slots ;v a lever; mechanism connecting said leverand saidarms adapted to swing said arms When 'said lever is reciprocated;a-second lever; andmechanism connecting said 'second leverand saidarms'adaptedto' reciprocate said' arms when said secondlever' isre'ciprocajjed.Y l. fr 1,3. In a` easement, the combination or a trame;Yan .inwardly projecting lug on each sideV of said frame adjacent itsbottom; a sash; and a tongue on each end of the bottom of said sash, sodisposedas to engage a lug on the' frame, when the sash is restingluponthe sill' of the frame and Yis tilted inwardly. 514. In a-casement,the combination of a frame; side stops comprising flanges spaced fromthe sill of said'frame; a sash; rollers on the bottom of said sash sodisposed as to pass under said iianges YWhenfthe sash rest.- ing on thesill ofthe frame is tilted, and ride upon said flanges Whenl the sasliis raised fromvsaid sill. 1 Y Y y 15; In a closure construction, thecombination of a frames;l a closure member; connections between said'frame andv said closure member adapted to v*limit the .pivotall movement of said member relative to said frame,

and to `retain one edgeof said member in said frame, the frame,;memberand vconnections thereof being so proportioned and related' as tokpermit the member tol be tilted, `pivoting onone edgeand thenY movedinto` a plane substantially at right angles to the plane of the fra-mearthe edgeon wliicliit is pvoted `being moved from one end ofsaid frame toa point closely Aadgacent Ythe" opposite end Yof V16. Ina closureconstruction7 the combination of a frame ;A arms pivotally mounted insaid frame asash; slot-and-pin'connections between said arms andsaid'sash; and means adapted to retain the bottom of said sash innections between said arms and said sash; and means adapted to retainthe bottom otsaid sash in said frame while permitting itr` vtomove insaid frame, the arms, connections and sash being so proportioned. and

related as to permit the sash to be tilted, pivloting on itsy bottom,and then moved into a substantially horizontal position, its bottom.

edge being closely adjacent the top of the y frame.

18. In a closure construction, the combination ot a frame; a closuremember; retaining means amounted' upon one edge of said member adaptedto retain said edge in said frame whiley permitting it to move relativethereto; al pair of links, each one ot whuich has one end pivoted onsaid trame and its 'other end pivoted on one of the sides ot saidclosure member at arpoint to be determined bythe following formula:

ye b cosA +1/sin2A-1 cos2 A in which b is the distance froml the pivotn, point of the link on said member to the edge member shall be inclinedto the plane of the Y of said member on which the retaining means ismounted; c is the distance from the pivot point of the link on saidframe to the end of the trame adjacent which is located the said edge ofsaid member when the member is in closed position, c being substantiallyequal to the length of the closure member; A is the angle at which it isdesired that the trame when tilted to the fullest extent permitted bysaid links, the said edge of the member being located adjacent the saidend of the frame; and A is the angle, less than 90, at which it isdesired-that the member shall be inclined to the plane ot the :tramewhen the said edge ot the member is moved to its Jfullest extentrelative to said frame, the links being disposed at right angles totheplane of the frame; the element being so related as to assure anoperable balance in the closure member as it pivots on the links whenits edge is moving in said trame; and means adapted to permitreciprocation in the position of the pivot points on the member relativeto the pivot points on the frame, when the member is tilted.

19. vIn a window construction, the combination of aptrame; a sash; meansto retain the bottom 'edge of the sash in said frame l.

while permitting it to move vertically in said frame; a pair of links,each one of which has one end pivoted'on said trame, and itsother end,pivoted onA Vone side of said sash at a point to be determined by thefollowing formula: e

C Y I) cos A -I-Kq/sin2 Al 1 -icost-V in which" Y) is the distance Jfromthe pivot point ofthe link on said sash to the bottom edge of saidsash,o is the distance from the pivot point ot thelink on said trame torthe bottom of said frame, 0 being substantially equal to the length ofthe sash, A is the angle at which it isl desired the sash shall beinclined to the planeof the frame when tilted to the fullest extentpermitted by said links, a

the bottom of the sash vresting on the bottom of the trame, and A is theangle, less than at which it is desired that the sash shall be inclinedto the plane of the frame, when the bottom of the sash is slid upwardlyto its fullest extent of movement, the links being horizontallydisposed; the elements being so related as to assure an operable balanoein the sash as it pivots on the links when its bottomkis slid upwardlyin said trame; and means adapted to permit reciprocation in the positionAof the pivot points on the sash relative to the pivot points on theframe, when the sash is tilted.

20.A In a easement, the combination of a frame; arms pivoted 'in saidframe; means adapted to automatically maintain said arms in 'constantalignment with one another; a sash; connections between said arms andsaid sash; and means adapted to swing said arms.

In testimony whereof I affix signature.

ALDEN A. POTTER.

